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go directly to report, PDF _ RL33263 - The Wetlands Coverage of the Clean Water Act is Revisited by the Supreme Court: Rapanos vs. United States
9-Jan-2009; Robert Meltz & Claudia Copeland; 21 p.
 Update: Previous Releases:
November 28, 2007
September 12, 2006
/NLE/CRSreports/06Mar/RL33263.pdf.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: Twice in the past, the Supreme Court has grappled with issues as to the geographic scope of the wetlands permitting program in the federal Clean Water Act (CWA). On June 19, 2006, the Supreme Court rendered a third decision, Rapanos v. United States, on appeal from two Sixth Circuit rulings conso.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Wetlands, Water, Legislative
1579 
go directly to report, PDF _ RL31149 - Snowmobiles: Environmental Standards and Access to National Parks
2-Oct-2008; James E. McCarthy; 18 p.
 Update: Previous releases:
December 5, 2007
April 13, 2005
December 9, 2004
/NLE/CRSreports/04Jul/RL31149.pdf
/NLE/CRSreports/RL31149.pdf
.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: The use of snowmobiles in national parks has been controversial because of the potential impacts on wildlife and the absence of standards for their emissions and noise. This report focuses on the emissions and noise issues. In November 2006, the National Park Service released a new draft of a final.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Public Lands, Legislative, General
126 
go directly to report, PDF _ R40811 - Wildfire Fuels and Fuel Reduction
16-Sep-2009; Ross W. Gorte; 18 p.
 Abstract: Severe wildfires have been burning more area and more houses in recent years. Some assert that climate change is at least partly to blame; others claim that the increasing number of homes in and near the forest (the wildland-urban interface) is a major cause. However, most observers agree that wi.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Forests, Natural Resources
2234 
go directly to report, PDF _ R40809 - Climate Change: Costs and Benefits of the Cap-and-Trade Provisions of H.R. 2454
14-Sep-2009; Larry Parker and Brent Yacobucci; 100 p.
 Abstract: This report examines seven studies that project the costs of H.R. 2454 to 2030 or beyond. It is difficult (and some would consider it unwise) to project costs up to the year 2030, much less beyond. The already tenuous assumption that current regulatory standards will remain constant becomes more .... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Climate Change, Economics & Trade
2233 
go directly to report, PDF _ R40143 - Ocean Acidification
2-Jul-2009; Eugene H. Buck, Peter Folger; 14 p.
 Abstract: With increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, the extent of effects on the ocean and marine resources is an increasing concern. One aspect of this issue is the ongoing process whereby seawater becomes acidified (i.e., ocean acidification) as more CO2 dissolves in it, c.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Water, Climate Change
2210 
go directly to report, PDF _ RL34234 - Managing the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Policy Implications of Expanding Global Access to Nuclear Power
1-Jul-2009; Mary Beth Nikitin, Anthony Andrews and Mark Holt; 43 p.
 Update: Previous releases:
September 3, 2008
March 7, 2008
January 30, 2008
.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: After several decades of widespread stagnation, nuclear power is attracting renewed interest. New license applications for 30 reactors have been announced in the United States, and another 150 are planned or proposed globally, with about a dozen more currently under construction. In the United St.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Energy, Risk & Reform, International
1941 
go directly to report, PDF _ RL34503 - Science, Technology, and American Diplomacy: Background and Issues for Congress
29-Jun-2009; Deborah D. Stine; 16 p.
 Update: Previous Releases:
February 3, 2009
June 20, 2008
.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: Science and engineering activities have always been international. Scientists, engineers, and health professionals frequently communicate and cooperate with one another without regard to national boundaries. This report discusses international science and technology (S&T) diplomacy, instances whe.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Science & Technology, Government, International
2117 
go directly to report, PDF _ R40460 - Calculation of Lifecycle Greenhouse Gas
25-Jun-2009; Brent D. Yacobucci and Kelsi S. Bracmort; 15 p.
 Abstract: The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA, P.L. 110-140), significantly expanded the renewable fuel standard (RFS) established in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005, P.L. 109-58). The RFS requires the use of 9.0 billion gallons of renewable fuel in 2008, increasing to 36 billi.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Air, Population, Stratospheric Ozone
2230 
go directly to report _ R40670 - Energy Efficiency in Buildings: Critical Barriers and Congressional Policy
24-Jun-2009; Paul W. Parfomak, Fred Sissine, Eric A. Fischer; 25 p.
 Abstract: Federal policymakers are debating a range of potential initiatives to limit U.S. emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). The American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 (H.R. 2454), for example, would set a target of reducing U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, including CO2 emissions, 17% below 2005 le.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Energy, Legislative
2232 
go directly to report, PDF _ RL32185 - U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea: Living Resources Provisions
22-Jun-2009; Eugene H. Buck; 13 p.
 Update: Previous Updates

January 7, 2004

February 12, 2008

.... [expand]  [read report]
Abstract: The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS Convention) was agreed to in 1982, but the United States never became a signatory nation. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations reported the LOS Convention on December 19, 2007. The Senate may choose to address the ambiguities of the LO.... [expand]  [read report]
Topics: Marine, Economics & Trade

294 
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